空间和球员数量限制了青少年足球中的外部和内部负载需求
Sérgio Adriano Gomes1,2,3, Bruno Travassos3,4,5, João Nuno Ribeiro3,6,7
1Physical Education Department, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
Frontiers in sports and active living
|June 12, 2024
概括
在青少年足球训练中操纵空间和球员数量,特别是使用小边比赛,增加了外部和内部球员负载. 这一战略提高了年轻足球运动员的训练强度.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 青少年体育训练 青少年体育训练
背景情况:
- 了解训练负载对于优化表现和预防年轻运动员受伤至关重要.
- 足球训练通常涉及小边游戏 (SSG),以提高技能发展和战术理解.
- 在SSG中操纵空间和球员人数对青少年足球中的负载需求的具体影响尚未完全阐明.
研究的目的:
- 分析操纵球场空间和球员数量对青少年足球运动员外部和内部负载需求的影响.
- 调查不同小边游戏格式如何影响训练期间的生理和生物力学反应.
主要方法:
- 42名男性U17足球运动员参加了为期8周的横截面研究.
- 执行了6个具有操纵球员数量和空间的足球任务,以及一个标准游戏.
- 使用WIMU PROTM超宽带系统测量了外部负荷 (动力学,机械) 和内部负荷 (心率,RPE).
主要成果:
- 使用更少参与者和更大的空间的任务导致外部和内部负载明显增加 (p < 0.001).
- 特定的小面游戏格式 (例如,3v3 + GK与减少空间) 导致较低的外部负载比标准游戏.
- 高强度的加速,减速和平均心率在较少玩家和更多空间的条件下升高.
结论:
- 通过减少SSG中的球员数量来增加相对的比赛面积是一种有效的教学策略.
- 这种操纵显著增加了年轻足球运动员对外部和内部负载的需求.
- 教练可以利用这些发现来定制培训课程,以实现最佳的负载管理和发展.
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