对怀孕和哺乳母猪的和需求估计进行了审查
Larissa L Becker1, Jordan T Gebhardt2, Mike D Tokach1
1Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
孕妇的 (Ca) 和 (P) 需求在怀孕和哺乳期间增加. 本综述总结了母猪的Ca和P需求,突出了变化,并建议最佳健康的最低适当水平.
科学领域:
- 动物营养 动物营养
- 生殖生理学 生殖生理学
- 矿物质的新陈代谢.
背景情况:
- (Ca) 和 (P) 是骨完整性和生物功能的重要矿物质.
- 孕妇在怀孕和哺乳期间对Ca和P的需求会增加,以支持胎儿发育和牛奶生产.
- 子的大小和平均每日增益 (ADG) 显著影响母猪的Ca和P需求.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合有关孕母和哺乳母猪的Ca和P需求的已公布数据.
- 为了比较从经验研究和因数模型中得出的需求估计.
- 确定有关母猪矿物质需求的当前知识的变化和潜在差距.
主要方法:
- 进行了对9项实证研究和7项妊娠因数模型的文献综述.
- 审查了六项实证研究和七个哺乳期的因数模型.
- 分析了基于骨矿化,母猪和 litter 性能以及牛奶成分的数据.
主要成果:
- 孕母猪:经验性STTD P (标准化全通道可消化) 5.49.5 g/d,总Ca 12.918.6 g/d. 这是一个很大的问题. 因数模型表明需要增加,达到7.610.6g/dSTTD P和18.438.2g/d Ca在第114天.
- 哺乳母猪:经验性STTD P 8.5 22.1 g/d,总 Ca 21.2 50.4 g/d. 工厂模型显示STTD P 14.225.1 g/d和Ca 28.455.6 g/d对于15只小猪的母猪.
- 估计存在显著的差异,但妊娠时的最低水平为6.0g/dSTD P,哺乳时的最低水平为22.1g/dSTD P,似乎足以满足基础需求.
结论:
- 确定准确的Ca和P对母猪的要求是具有挑战性的,因为估计的变化很大.
- 建议在妊娠期间摄入6.0g/d的STTD P和在哺乳期间摄入22.1g/d的STTD P的最低食水平足以满足基础要求.
- 进一步的研究是必不可少的,以完善怀孕和哺乳母猪的Ca和P需求估计,解决数据限制和高可变性.
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