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火灾天气的适度增加克服了最近烧毁的北极森林中火灾传播的阻力

Ellen Whitman¹, Quinn E Barber¹, Piyush Jain¹

¹Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Global change biology

|June 12, 2024

概括

最近烧毁的北极森林减少了燃料,减缓了野火. 然而,极端的天气使短时间的重燃成为可能,降低了由于气候变化而导致的火燃料反.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
林业林业林业林业林业
气候科学气候科学

背景情况:

最近燃烧的森林表现出减少的燃料负载,创建一个负反循环,通常限制后续野火蔓延.
尽管有这种自然抵抗力,但在极端天气条件下,可能会发生短时间间隔的 (在20年内) 重燃,影响生态系统的恢复,并造成持久的植被变化.

研究的目的:

为了量化加拿大最近被烧毁的北极森林中火燃料反强度.
确定克服减少燃料负载并促进火灾在这些地区蔓延的特定天气条件.

主要方法:

利用来自远程感知热异常的众多大型北极火灾的每日火灾传播数据集.
来自ERA5-Land的每日当地天气数据与火灾进展相关,定义蔓延日 (>3公增长) 和短间隔的重新燃烧 (燃烧的像素年龄小于20年).
采用后勤回归来分析影响火灾在最近被烧毁的地区蔓延的因素.

主要成果:

在最近燃烧的地区,火灾蔓延的几率比火灾间隔较长的地区低约50%.
在1981年至2021年期间,加拿大所有北极生态区都发生了短时间的再燃,每年有超过10万公的土地被重新燃烧.
虽然在短间隔重燃日的天气条件更为极端 (例如,相对湿度下降2.6%),但差异很小.
在西部北极森林中,有利于短期再燃的火灾天气的频率显著增加,这与气候变暖和干旱有关.

结论:

在北极森林中,火燃料的反正在恶化,短时间内反燃的可能性越来越大.
气候变暖和干燥趋势正在加剧导致这种抗火机制丧失的条件.
这些变化对加拿大北极地区的森林生态系统动态和野火管理产生了重大影响.

关键词:

森林大火森林大火北极森林是北极森林中的一个.火灾蔓延,火灾蔓延,火灾蔓延.火灾天气是火灾天气.重新燃烧,就是重新燃烧.短时间间隔的火灾.野火野火是一场野火.

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