价值和通用概率和不确定性的神经表示
Jae-Chang Kim1, Lydia Hellrung2, Marcus Grueschow2
1Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland jaechang.kim@econ.uzh.ch phil.tobler@econ.uzh.ch.
概括
这项研究表明,大脑对中性结果与奖励或惩罚结果的概率和不确定性进行不同的处理. 一些大脑区域跟踪动机价值,而另一些则处理通用概率和不确定性信号.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 决策 决策 决策 决策
背景情况:
- 生物通过表示结果的概率和不确定性来适应行为.
- 之前的研究集中在价值 (嗜好/厌恶) 结果上,不研究中性结果.
- 了解大脑如何处理价值独立信号对于完整了解适应性行为至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 将与价值结果相关的神经和行为信号的价值独立 (通用) 概率和不确定性与与价值结果相关的神经和行为信号分离.
- 研究人类大脑如何编码中性,食欲和厌恶液体奖励的概率和不确定性.
主要方法:
- 人类神经成像 (fMRI) 用于帕夫洛夫式调节任务.
- 参与者 (n=41) 呈现了预测食欲,厌恶或中性液体的线索,概率各不相同 (0,0.5,1).
- 记录了行为反应 (运动活动,瞳孔大小) 和神经活动.
主要成果:
- 线索引起的运动反应和瞳孔膨胀在线索预测价值液体的可能性更高时更高.
- 对于中性液体,不确定性加快了反应和减少了瞳孔大小,而概率的影响较小.
- 通用不确定性信号局限于皮质,而通用概率也涉及前腹中腹前额皮质.
- 在中部前额叶,岛叶和叶皮层中发现了价值信号,与通用信号不同.
结论:
- 对通用概率和不确定性的行为和神经信号与对值结果的行为和神经信号分离.
- 特定的大脑区域保持有关激励"电荷"的信息,而其他区域则更一般地处理概率和不确定性.
- 这凸显了描述大脑中学习到的表征的精确性质的重要性.
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