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古老的虫基因组揭示了人类疟疾的历史

Megan Michel^1,2,3, Eirini Skourtanioti^4,5, Federica Pierini⁴

¹Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. megan_michel@eva.mpg.de.

|June 12, 2024

概括

古老的DNA揭示了疟疾寄生虫Plasmodium vivax和Plasmodium falciparum在数千年前在全球蔓延. 这项基因组研究追溯了它们的历史迁移,

科学领域:

古遗传学
寄生虫学
人类历史

背景情况:

虫寄生虫,特别是虫寄生虫和活寄生虫,是疟疾的主要原因,并对人类进化产生了重大影响.
人类疟疾寄生虫的确切起源和全球传播仍有争议,可获得的古代遗传证据有限.

研究的目的:

用古老的DNA重建疟疾寄生虫的古代历史和全球传播.
研究疟疾在美洲的起源及其通过人类互动传播的历史.

主要方法:

来自Plasmodium寄生虫 (P. falciparum,P. vivax,P. malariae) 的高覆盖率的古代线粒体和核基因组数据.
分析了来自16个国家的基因组数据,
应用了家族遗传和种群遗传分析,以推断寄生虫的起源和传播.

主要成果:

在欧亚大陆发现的Plasmodium vivax和Plasmodium falciparum分别可以追溯到公元前4世纪和1世纪,早于历史记录.
确定欧洲殖民者将Plasmodium vivax引入美洲,而奴隶贸易可能引入了Plasmodium falciparum.
在高海拔的喜马拉雅山脉发现了古老的Plasmodium falciparum

结论:

古老的基因组数据为疟疾寄生虫的深入历史和全球传播提供了关键的见解.
人类迁移和文化交流在非洲大陆传播疟疾方面发挥了重要作用.
这项研究为未来关于菌对人类影响的古流行病学研究奠定了基础.

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