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相关概念视频

Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS01:17

Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS

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The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
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Selected Data About Geographic Locations01:25

Selected Data About Geographic Locations

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
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Thematic Layering in GIS01:30

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In the past, planning projects such as schools or public facilities required extensive manual effort to gather and compile data. Information such as property boundaries, soil characteristics, road networks, zoning regulations, and flood zones had to be sourced individually from courthouses, utility providers, and registry offices. Assembling these datasets into a coherent format often took several months, delaying project timelines.The introduction of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)...
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Methods of Obtaining Topography01:25

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Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
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Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

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Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Area Computation by the Alternative Coordinate Method01:24

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The alternative coordinate method, also known as the Shoelace Formula, is a technique for determining the area of a traverse using Cartesian coordinates. This method relies on the sequential arrangement of x and y coordinates for each point of the shape, ensuring accuracy and ease of application.In this approach, each corner's x and y coordinates are listed as fractions, with the x-coordinate as the numerator and the y-coordinate as the denominator. These coordinates are arranged sequentially...
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Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application
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对中国地方政府债务的地理方法

Zhenfa Li1, Fulong Wu1, Fangzhu Zhang1

  • 1University College London, UK.

The Professional geographer : the journal of the Association of American Geographers
|June 13, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

中国的地方政府债务因基础设施融资而升,而2015年后的动态转变. 发达程度较低的城市面临着更高的金融风险,尽管中央政府的干预.

关键词:
成都债券成都债券中国中国中国中国.政府间关系是政府间关系.地方政府债券 地方政府债券当地政府债务 地方政府债务

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科学领域:

  • 公共财政是公共财政.
  • 城市经济学城市经济学
  • 政治经济学就是政治经济学.

背景情况:

  • 自2010年代以来,中国的地方政府债务迅速增加,主要是用于基础设施投资.
  • 债务工具从成都债券演变为地方政府债券,反映出不断变化的金融法规.
  • 了解这种债务的空间动态对于分析政府间财政关系至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 绘制2009年至2020年中国地方政府债务的空间动态图.
  • 分析影响中国各城市债券发行模式的因素.
  • 评估中央政府政策和地方间竞争对财政风险的影响.

主要方法:

  • 利用了2009-2020年期间300多个中国城市的数据.
  • 采用空间分析技术来追踪债券发行的地理分布和演变.
  • 研究了经济状况,中央政府目标和地方政府借款之间的相关性.

主要成果:

  • 从2009年到2014年,在经济刺激和城市间竞争的影响下,广泛的大规模债券发行被观察到.
  • 2015年后,经济强的城市增加了债券发行,因为中央政府将债务与财政能力结合起来.
  • 空间动态显示中央政府干预增加,表明财政集中,但金融风险仍然存在于较不发达的城市.

结论:

  • 财政集中并没有有效地减轻中国较不发达城市的金融风险.
  • 竞争促使欠发达城市对债券的使用效率低下,导致金融风险比率更高.
  • 该研究强调了中央控制,地方财政行为和金融稳定之间的复杂相互作用.