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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.0K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.0K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

11.3K
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
11.3K
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

8.1K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
8.1K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.3K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.3K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

10.1K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
10.1K
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

8.4K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
8.4K

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堆叠故障丰富的MoNi4/MoO2 能够实现高性能的进化.

Yuan Wang1, Hamidreza Arandiyan2,3, Sajjad S Mofarah4

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.

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|June 13, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员开发了一种新的非催化剂 (d-MoNi),利用堆叠故障缺陷,通过水电解有效地生产绿色. 这一突破为经济提供了一种成本效益和可持续的替代催化剂.

关键词:
这是一种MoNi合金.缺陷的缺陷 缺陷的缺陷高电流密度的高电流密度.气演化反应反应的反应堆叠故障是一个堆叠故障.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 电化学 电化学 电化学
  • 绿色化学 绿色化学

背景情况:

  • 通过水电解进行具有成本效益的绿色生产对于可持续的经济至关重要.
  • 基催化剂虽然对进化反应 (HER) 有效,但受到高成本和稀缺性的限制.
  • 开发非贵金属催化剂对于经济可行性至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为演化反应 (HER) 设计一种高性能,非电催化剂.
  • 调查堆叠故障 (SF) 缺陷在增强 HER 活动中的作用.
  • 为有缺陷的金属合金电催化剂提供新的合成策略.

主要方法:

  • 结合化学和热还原策略,创建了MoNi4/MoO2纳米板,其中堆叠故障 (SF) 缺陷 (d-MoNi) 的比例很高.
  • 对于HER的电化学性能,在1M KOH中使用各种电流密度的超电位来评估.
  • 催化剂的活性和耐用性与一个基准金催化剂 (20% Pt/C) 相比较.
  • 用密度功能理论 (DFT) 的计算来理解缺陷增强的HER活动的机制.

主要成果:

  • 该d-MoNi催化剂显示了HER的超低电位 (78mV在500mA cm-2和121mV在1000mA cm-2).
  • 富有缺陷的催化剂的周转频率是20%Pt/C的四倍.
  • 观察到优异的耐用性 (>100小时),将d-MoNi定位为主要的非Pt HER催化剂.
  • 发现丰富的SF诱导了压缩应变,优化了质子吸附和脱吸.

结论:

  • 在MoNi4/MoO2纳米板中的工程堆叠故障缺陷为进化反应创造了一个高度活跃和耐用的非催化剂.
  • 在绿色生产中,d-MoNi催化剂为提供了一个有希望的,具有成本效益的替代品.
  • 这项工作为开发用于能源转换应用的先进电催化剂提供了可行的合成途径.