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Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

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In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography
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使用不和蒸汽电池的高性能分子光学参考.

Zhenqi Zhang1, Wen You1, Xingyue Liu1

  • 1National Precise Gravity Measurement Facility and MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.

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|June 13, 2024
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概括

这项研究使用分子 (I2) 和调制转移光谱学提供了一个稳定的光学频率参考. 一个不和蒸汽电池使一个紧的,室温激光具有优良的长期频率不稳定性.

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科学领域:

  • 原子,分子和光学物理学
  • 激光光谱学 激光光谱学
  • 计量学 计量学 计量学

背景情况:

  • 光学频率参考对于精密测量和先进技术至关重要.
  • 分子 (I2) 光谱为频率稳定提供了一套丰富的超精度过渡.
  • 现有的稳定激光器通常需要复杂的温度控制或和细胞.

研究的目的:

  • 开发基于分子的高性能,紧,稳定的光学频率参考.
  • 为了研究使用不和蒸汽电池用于长期频率稳定的可行性.
  • 为了达到与稳定激光器报告的最佳结果相比的频率不稳定性.

主要方法:

  • 利用调制转移光谱 (MTS) 进行频率稳定.
  • 设计并使用在室温下运行的不和分子 (I2) 蒸汽电池.
  • 开发了一个紧的,频率稳定激光系统,引用R ((56) 32-0:a1超精度过渡的I2.

主要成果:

  • 在1秒内证明了1.4 × 10−14的分数频率不稳定性.
  • 在104秒内达到1.7 × 10−15的分数频率不稳定性.
  • 在104秒的性能可与之前报告的最好的稳定激光器相美.

结论:

  • 一个不和的分子 (I2) 蒸汽电池是开发长期,稳定的光学频率参考的可行方法.
  • 没有主动温度稳定的室温操作简化了系统设计.
  • 这项工作为更容易获得和更强大的光学时钟和频率标准铺平了道路.