高强度间歇训练和抵抗训练对训练有素的跑步者的生理参数和表现的影响:一项随机对照试验
Leonardo Trevisol Possamai1, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo1, Amadeo Felix Salvador2,3
1Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Journal of sports sciences
|June 13, 2024
概括
高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 和抵抗训练 (RT) 提高了跑步的表现. 这两种训练方法,包括重 (HRT) 和爆炸性 (ERT) 抵抗训练,在训练有素的跑步者中提供有效的周期化替代方案.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 运动训练 运动训练
背景情况:
- 为训练有素的跑步者优化训练计划对于提高运动表现至关重要.
- 了解不同训练模式的具体影响,如高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 和各种形式的抵抗训练 (RT),对于有效的周期化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较4周HIIT,重力训练 (HRT) 和爆炸性阻力训练 (ERT) 对训练良好的男性跑步者的有氧,无氧和神经肌肉参数的影响.
- 评估这些训练干预措施对跑步表现的影响,特别是1500米和5000米计时赛.
主要方法:
- 26名男性运动员被分为三个组:HIIT (n=10),HRT (n=7) 和ERT (n=9).
- 评估的关键参数包括最大氧气吸收 (VO2max),VO2max时的速度 (vVO2max),无氧值 (AT),运行经济 (RE),氧气吸收动力学,下肢力量 (1RM) 和反运动跳跃 (CMJ) 高度.
- 使用1500m和5000m计时试验 (TT) 来测量性能.
主要成果:
- HIIT显著改善了VO2max (Δ: 2.6%,ES: 0.63) 和1500m TT (Δ: -2.3%,ES: -0.62) 的情况.
- 无论是ERT (Δ: 4.3%,ES: 0.73) 还是HRT (Δ: 6.9%,ES: 0.72) 都提高了无氧值 (AT).
- ERT和HRT在1RM (Δ: 49.2%,ES: 0.96和Δ: 38.1%,ES: 1.21分别) 和CMJ表现 (Δ: 13.8%,ES: 1.03和Δ: 6.9%,ES: 0.55分别) 显著增加.
结论:
- 绩效调整取决于培训干预的具体特点.
- 阻力训练 (RT) 和高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 都是跑步者训练周期化的可行和有效的替代策略.
- 在HIIT和RT (重量或爆炸性) 之间做出选择,应根据具体的性能目标和所需的生理适应量身定制.
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