犹太沙漠古代皮革特菲林盒子和带上的黑色表面:宏观,微观和光谱分析
Yonatan Adler1, Ilit Cohen-Ofri2, Yonah Maor3
1Institute of Archaeology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
PloS one
|June 13, 2024
概括
从死海卷轴中发现的古老特菲林并不是故意变黑的. 科学分析表明,它们的深色是天然皮革退化的结果,而不是颜料. 这表明早期的做法与后来的犹太仪式法有所不同.
科学领域:
- 考古学的考古学
- 材料科学 是一种材料科学.
- 宗教研究是宗教研究.
背景情况:
- 提菲林是犹太人的仪式文物,根据当前的犹太法律,有黑色皮革盒子和皮带.
- 在犹太沙漠的死海卷轴中发现了17个古老的特菲林盒.
- 这些古老的案例表现出一种自然的黑暗,几乎黑色的外观.
研究的目的:
- 为了测试这个假设,古老的提菲林盒子是故意用碳基或铁基颜料涂成黑色的.
- 为了识别古代特菲林案例着色中使用的颜料和有机粘合剂.
- 为了确定犹太沙漠特菲林案例上深色的原因.
主要方法:
- 宏观和微观分析.
- 多光谱成像 (红外波长).
- 拉曼光谱法 拉曼光谱法
- 福里埃变换红外光谱学 (FTIR).
- 扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 使用能量分散式X射线 (EDX) 光谱.
主要成果:
- 没有发现碳基或铁基颜料的痕迹.
- 没有发现有机化合物,表明涂料粘合剂.
- SEM分析表明,深色是由于天然皮革降解 (凝化) 造成的.
结论:
- 假设有故意变黑是不太可能的.
- 犹太沙漠特菲林盒的深色可能是由于皮革的自然老化造成的.
- 这些发现表明,提菲林的做法早于后来拉比们规定的广泛采用黑化仪式.
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