南亚无保护的穷人:对为什么社会保护计划未能发挥其潜力的系统审查
1School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-309 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, Canada.
PLOS global public health
|June 13, 2024
概括
南亚的反贫困计划往往由于错误的设计而失败,这些设计忽视了当地现实和权力动态. 解决这些问题需要了解穷人的复杂经历,并相应地调整干预措施.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 发展研究 发展研究 研究
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 南亚面临着经济增长的悖论,与持续的极端贫困同时存在.
- 越来越多地实施社会保护计划来打击贫困,但通常表现不佳.
- 需要对现有文献进行批判性审查,以了解在接触预期受益者方面出现的系统性失败.
研究的目的:
- 确定和分析导致南亚社会保护计划无效的因素.
- 了解程序设计与该地区贫困人口生活现实之间的脱节.
- 探索计划成果的社会,政治和情境决定因素.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (EconLit,全球健康,MEDLINE,SocINDEX) 进行了全面的文献审查.
- 包括42篇评估23个社会保护计划的论文,重点关注社会和政治决定因素.
- 质量评估使用了GRADE和GRADE CERQual标准,通过Thomas & Harding的方法进行了主题综合.
主要成果:
- 五个主要主题出现了:有缺陷的程序理论,精英捕获,不足的准,忽视社会文化障碍 (性别,种姓,文档) 和受益者自我排斥.
- 项目设计与穷人的实际情况之间存在着显著的断裂.
- 西方主导的贫困话语和地缘政治利益可能会影响节目设计,忽视种姓等当地背景.
结论:
- 目前南亚的社会保护计划往往不适合贫困的复杂现实.
- 程序失败与简单的理论,精英的捕获,不充分的准和排斥有关.
- 解决这些失败需要更深入地了解当地环境,权力动态和穷人的多维经验,超越定量评估.
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