从童年到青春期对结构性大脑发育的遗传和环境影响:对皮层厚度,表面积和皮层下体积的纵向双胞胎研究
L van Drunen1, S Dobbelaar1, E A Crone2
1Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), the Netherlands; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Social and Behavioral Sciences, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), the Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
Developmental cognitive neuroscience
|June 13, 2024
概括
遗传学显著影响从童年到青春期的大脑结构和发育. 环境因素也起着作用,特别是在特定的大脑区域,突出显示潜在的干预目标.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 行为遗传学 行为遗传学
背景情况:
- 人类大脑的发育持续到青春期和成年期,特别是在感官运动,社会和情感网络中.
- 大脑发育轨迹的个体差异受遗传和环境因素的影响,尽管研究程度不足.
- 了解这些影响对于确定潜在的发展支持和干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估基因和环境对7岁大脑结构和7岁至14岁大脑发育的影响.
- 研究这些影响在关键的感觉运动,社会和情感大脑区域.
- 量化对大脑结构和纵向变化的遗传性和共享环境贡献.
主要方法:
- 纵向研究设计,使用多达三次两年一次的MRI扫描.
- 样本规模为485名参与者.
- 对大脑结构 (表面积,皮质厚度) 和发育轨迹的遗传和环境影响的分析.
主要成果:
- 所有研究的大脑区域都显示出对结构的显著遗传影响 (18%-59%的遗传性).
- 表面积的发展受到基因 (38%) 的影响,而不是皮质厚度 (14%).
- 纵向大脑变化主要是遗传 (1%-29%),共享的环境因素也会影响特定区域,如体感皮质,DLPFC,小脑,TPJ,STS和海马.
结论:
- 遗传和环境因素都在儿童和青少年时期显著塑造大脑结构和发育.
- 研究结果强调需要进一步研究大脑与行为之间的关联以及环境暴露的影响.
- 这项研究为开发有针对性的干预措施提供了基础的见解,以支持健康的儿童发展.
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