在几内亚比绍实施疫苗接种计划:在出生时BCG的覆盖范围和错过的机会
Clara Emilie Hartvig Rasmussen1, Julie Odgaard Vedel2, Andreas Møller Jensen2
1Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.
Vaccine
|June 13, 2024
概括
在几内亚比绍,大多数婴儿在出生时错过了Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) 疫苗,尽管它有早期的好处. 在第一次健康接触时改善疫苗接种可以显著增加及时的BCG覆盖率.
科学领域:
- 免疫接种和公共卫生
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
背景情况:
- 在几内亚比绍,建议在出生时接种Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) 疫苗,以提供对感染的早期保护.
- 延迟BCG疫苗接种是常见的,在常规的12个月估计中掩盖了最初的低覆盖率.
- 早期BCG给药对于最大化非特异性保护作用至关重要,包括降低新生儿死亡率.
研究的目的:
- 评估几内亚比绍的BCG疫苗接种时间.
- 为了确定早期BCG管理的错失机会.
- 调查与延迟BCG疫苗接种相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了几内亚比绍 (2013-2019) 的健康和人口监测系统的数据.
- 评估出生时 (在3天内),1个月和12个月的BCG覆盖率.
- 使用二项式回归来分析与错过的疫苗接种机会相关的因素.
主要成果:
- 只有19%的婴儿在出生时接受了BCG;12个月的覆盖率达到93%.
- 及时性有所改善,出生覆盖率从16%上升到25%,一个月的覆盖率从63%上升到75% (2013-2019).
- 利用所有机会可以将出生覆盖率翻一番至45%,但只有40%被使用;居住地区是一个重要的因素.
结论:
- 12个月的覆盖范围掩盖了早期BCG管理的重大延迟.
- 通过利用初始卫生系统联系,可以大幅提高早期疫苗接种覆盖率.
- 确保在第一次健康接触时接种疫苗是最大限度地发挥BCG的好处的关键.
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