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相关概念视频

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to  N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Updated: Jun 24, 2025

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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人类的ATAD5已经进化了独特的结构元素,以专门作为PCNA卸载器发挥作用.

Feng Wang1, Qing He1, Nina Y Yao2

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.

Nature structural & molecular biology
|June 13, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

ATAD5-RFC复合物由于其独特的结构特征,仅从DNA中卸载增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA). 这些特征,包括锁定循环和DNA结合室塞,防止DNA结合,并解释其卸载功能.

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 结构生物学 结构生物学
  • 生物化学 生化学

背景情况:

  • 增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA) 通过像RFC和CTF18-RFC这样的加载复合体被加载到DNA上.
  • ATAD5-RFC是一个独特的复合体,它只从DNA中卸载PCNA,但它的结构机制尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明ATAD5-RFC独家PCNA卸载功能的结构基础.
  • 了解ATAD5-RFC在结构上与PCNA加载器有什么不同.

主要方法:

  • ATAD5-RFC复合体的结构分析.
  • 对PCNA与ATAD5-RFC结合的中间状态的观察.

主要成果:

  • ATAD5具有独特的锁定循环和阻DNA结合室的域,从而创建了一个刚性结构.
  • 这些结构元素阻止了DNA结合所需的构造变化,从而解释了ATAD5-RFC的卸载作用.
  • ATAD5-RFC通过在PCNA原体2和3之间打开一个独特的间隙来卸载PCNA,这与之前观察到的加载机制不同.
  • 在酵母同类物,Elg1-RFC.中保留了类似的结构特征.

结论:

  • ATAD5-RFC的独特结构决定了它作为PCNA卸载器的功能.
  • ATAD5-RFC使用了一种新的PCNA卸载机制,涉及到一个明显的质体间隙.
  • 对ATAD5-RFC的结构洞察力提供了更深入地了解DNA紧的动态和调节.