在智力和发育障碍中,认知和适应性行为之间的发展关联在智力和发育障碍中
Andrew Dakopolos1, Emma Condy2, Elizabeth Smith3
1UC Davis MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders
|June 13, 2024
概括
智力和发育障碍 (IDDs) 患者的认知能力改善与日常生活技能的提高有关. 基线认知预测了适应性行为增长,突出了IDDs的潜在干预目标.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 智力和发育障碍 (IDDs) 涉及认知和适应性行为挑战.
- 之前的研究表明,IDDs的认知和适应性行为之间存在横截面的联系.
- 认知和适应性行为的发展变化之间的纵向关联仍然未得到充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查两年来儿童,青少年和年轻成年人IDDs认知能力和适应性行为领域的变化之间的纵向关联.
- 确定特定认知领域的变化是否预测适应性行为领域的变化,反之亦然.
主要方法:
- 对263名参与者 (6-26岁) 进行了长度研究,他们患有各种IDD (脆弱X,唐氏综合征,异常症).
- 认知评估 (NIH工具箱认知电池) 和适应性行为评估 (Vineland适应性行为尺度-3) 在两年时间内进行.
- 两变的潜变得分 (BLCS) 模型被用来分析认知和适应性行为领域的发育变化之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在两年内,结晶和总认知的变化与日常生活技能的变化有显著的关联.
- 较高的基线认知水平预测了适应性行为的增长.
- 基线适应性行为没有预测认知成长.
结论:
- 在IDD患者中,认知和适应性行为的发展变化是相互关联的.
- 日常生活技能 (DLS) 的改善与认知能力的提高特别相关.
- 这些发现支持NIH工具箱认知电池在IDD测量认知变化的临床相关性及其作为结果衡量的实用性.
相关概念视频
Intellectual Disability
49
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
49
Language and Cognition
342
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
342
Information Processing Approach
33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
Cognitive Development During Adulthood
88
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
88
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
31
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
31
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood
105
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
105


