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营养咨询和肥胖的危险因素:在幼儿的观察性研究
Raffaele Limauro1, Luigi Cioffi1, Vincenzo Bianco1
1Italian Federation of Pediatricians Study Center, Naples, 80100, Italy.
Italian journal of pediatrics
|June 13, 2024
概括
与通常的护理相比,为幼儿提供标准化的营养方法显著降低了超重和肥胖率. 父亲的肥胖是儿童超重和肥胖的一个关键风险因素.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 营养对于预防儿童肥胖至关重要.
- 早期识别超重 (OW) 和肥胖 (OB) 的危险因素至关重要.
- 幼儿是早期干预策略的关键人口.
研究的目的:
- 评估标准化营养方法在预防幼儿OW/OB方面的有效性.
- 确定在标准化护理下的幼儿中与OW/OB相关的风险因素.
- 为了比较标准化护理和常规护理之间的OW/OB患病率.
主要方法:
- 在629名幼儿 (24-36个月) 接受标准化的营养建议的观察性研究.
- 营养建议强调蛋白质和糖分含量,并加强了教育材料.
- 742名接受通常照顾的幼儿组成的对照组.
- 评估风险因素,包括父母的BMI,出生体重和养史.
主要成果:
- 标准化的营养咨询导致OW/OB的患病率较低 (28.1%),相比于通常的护理 (36.9%).
- 在调整的模型中,父亲的OW/OB与幼儿的OW/OB有显著的关联 (OR2.035).
- 纯母乳养在这个队列中没有显示出对OW/OB的保护作用.
结论:
- 一个标准化的营养咨询计划,重点是限制蛋白质和简糖,可以降低幼儿的OW/OB率.
- 父亲的BMI是后代肥胖的重要预测因素,应在健康促进中考虑.
- 有针对性的营养干预措施是有效的管理儿童早期体重.
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