在缅甸战争期间努力恢复儿童接种疫苗:对试点计划的评估
International journal for equity in health
|June 13, 2024
概括
在2021年政变后,一名护士领导的计划成功地恢复了缅甸的儿童疫苗接种,尽管存在重大障碍,但仍能接触到许多未接种疫苗的儿童. 这项由私人捐赠资助的倡议强调了持续努力的必要性,以防止广泛的未接种疫苗的人口.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 免疫接种计划 免疫接种计划
背景情况:
- 缅甸的卫生系统在2021年2月军事政变后崩,医疗保健工作人员辞职,包括疫苗在内的人道主义援助被阻止.
- 危机发生两年后,少数民族国家的家长敦促一个由护士领导的组织重新启动必要的儿童疫苗接种服务.
- 军方的行动在常规免疫接种中造成了关键的差距,使儿童易患可预防的疾病.
研究的目的:
- 评估一项由护士开发的疫苗接种计划,该计划在缅甸一个受冲突影响的民族国家实施.
- 评估在政变后卫生系统崩的情况下恢复儿童免疫的可行性和结果.
- 在一个具有挑战性的人道主义背景下,确定疫苗接种计划交付的障碍和促进者.
主要方法:
- 进行了回顾性队列研究和参与性评估.
- 采访了医疗保健工作者关于疫苗物流,并评估了对世界卫生组织 (WHO) 实践的遵守.
- 分析了儿童的特征,并使用逆生存分析计算了疫苗接种覆盖率比例和概率.
主要成果:
- 使用私人捐款建立了一个计划,以采购和管理五种必需的疫苗,保持冷链标准.
- 观察到74%的儿童遵守世卫组织推的疫苗接种做法;79%的184名儿童以前没有接种疫苗,41%的儿童在国内流离失所.
- 实现最新状态的可能性很高:MMR 92%,Penta 87%,BCG 76%,OPV 68%,其中迁移和缺货是关键挑战.
结论:
- 这项研究首次记录了冲突影响的缅甸国家政变后儿童疫苗接种计划的挑战和成功.
- 尽管有大量未接种疫苗的人口,但该计划取得了成功,导致捐赠者资助的扩张,达到2000名儿童.
- 迫切,重新努力至关重要,以防止未接种疫苗的比例在缅甸其他地区达到100%.
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