不同的不同? 不同的不同? :关于女性自闭症新兴的社会认知神经科学的评论
1Emeritus of Cognitive NeuroImaging, Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK. g.rippon@aston.ac.uk.
Biology of sex differences
|June 13, 2024
概括
自闭症研究历来一直排除女性,导致有偏见的模型. 新的研究揭示了女性自闭症的独特特征,如伪装,需要进行包容性研究以全面理解.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 自闭症中的性别/性别差异
背景情况:
- 自闭症是一种神经发育状况,其特点是社会沟通差异和重复行为.
- 从历史上看,自闭症研究一直专注于男性,为了解这种情况创造了一个以男性为中心的框架.
- 这种男性偏见导致女性被排除在关键研究领域之外,特别是在脑成像研究中.
研究的目的:
- 突出女性在自闭症研究中的显著不足,特别是在对社会大脑过程的脑成像研究中.
- 检查这种男性偏见对自闭症诊断标准和理论模型的发展的影响.
- 探索关于自闭症呈现的性别/性别差异的新兴证据,包括伪装等社会行为.
主要方法:
- 关于自闭症中社会大脑过程的120多项脑成像研究的综述.
- 分析诊断程序及其对女性参与研究的影响.
- 对自闭症社会行为和大脑活动中性别/性别差异的新发现的综合.
主要成果:
- 近70%的回顾的大脑成像研究仅包括男性参与者或极少的女性参与者.
- 在男性队伍上开发的自闭症诊断标准,不成比例地排除了女性.
- 新出现的证据表明,与男性相比,女性表现出不同的社会行为 (例如,伪装) 和不同的社会大脑连接/激活模式.
结论:
- 数十年不包括女性在内的研究导致了自闭症的不准确和不完整的认知神经科学模型.
- 自闭症研究中的男性偏见导致错过了理解这种疾病复杂性的机会.
- 未来的研究必须解决这种男性偏见,以实现对所有个体的自闭症的全面理解,包括以前被忽视的女性.
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