对 ChatGPT 3.5 和 ChatGPT 4 进行比较评估,以对精选的遗传学问题做出回应
Scott P McGrath1, Beth A Kozel2, Sara Gracefo3
1CITRIS Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1764, United States.
概括
在基因信息传递方面,ChatGPT 4 (GPT-4) 显示了比ChatGPT 3.5 (GPT-3.5) 更好的准确性,但仍然存在错误. 为了在医学遗传学中安全使用,需要不断的改进.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 医学遗传学 医学遗传学
- 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
背景情况:
- 像ChatGPT这样的大型语言模型 (LLM) 为传播复杂的医疗信息提供了潜力.
- 之前对ChatGPT 3.5 (GPT-3.5) 的评估表明,基因信息的准确性和临床实用性受到限制.
- 人工智能的快速发展需要在专业领域不断评估新的模型.
研究的目的:
- 评估ChatGPT 4 (GPT-4) 在为BRCA1,HFE和MLH1.1提供遗传信息方面的有效性.
- 评估GPT-4在医学遗传学环境中的临床实用性,局限性和伦理考虑.
- 将GPT-4的性能与GPT-3.5进行基因信息准确性和相关性的比较.
主要方法:
- 使用结构化调查来衡量GPT-4的临床价值.
- 一个由遗传咨询师和临床遗传学家组成的专家小组审查了GPT-4的反应.
- 与GPT-3.5进行了比较分析,使用描述性统计和Prism 9软件进行了比较分析.
主要成果:
- 与GPT-3.5相比,GPT-4的准确性明显提高 (P < .0001),尽管不准确性仍然存在.
- 对GPT-4的响应相关性总体上是有利的,处在"有点同意"范围内.
- 疾病类别之间没有观察到显著的性能差异,机器人可用性量表 (BUS-15) 也没有显示出统计学上显著的差异,GPT-4的趋势较低.
结论:
- 在基因教育和信息传递方面,GPT-4显示出前景,与GPT-3.5.5相比,取得了进展.
- 仍然存在挑战,包括过时信息的可能性和持续改进模型的需要.
- 将技术创新与道德责任相平衡,对于在医疗保健信息传播中实施人工智能至关重要.
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