阅读障碍的礼物:它有什么危害?
Timothy N Odegard1,2, Madalyn Dye3
1Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA. Tim.Odegard@mtsu.edu.
Annals of dyslexia
|June 14, 2024
概括
阅读障碍症中的神经多样性,虽然旨在赋权,但可以创造有害的积极刻板印象. 本综述反对所有阅读障碍的刻板印象,以支持个人福祉.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 教育教育教育教育教育教育.
背景情况:
- 阅读障碍传统上被视为一种残疾.
- 神经多样性概念已经扩大到包括阅读障碍症,经常强调相关的优势.
- 这导致了对阅读障碍的积极刻板印象,认为阅读障碍有利.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关失阅症所谓礼物的文献.
- 检查负面和积极的刻板印象对阅读障碍患者的影响.
- 倡导消除围绕阅读障碍的所有刻板印象.
主要方法:
- 对现有文献进行视角审查.
- 关于阅读障碍症刻板印象和神经多样性的研究综合.
- 对个人福祉的影响分析.
主要成果:
- 关于阅读障碍的积极刻板印象,尽管是善意的,但可能会导致耻辱化和孤立.
- 消极和积极的刻板印象都会对阅读障碍症患者产生负面影响.
- 刻板印象有助于刻板印象的威胁和固定的心态.
结论:
- 消除神话和反对所有阅读障碍刻板印象的倡导是至关重要的.
- 超越刻板印象可以促进包容性,并支持所有阅读障碍患者的福祉.
- 需要一个平衡的视角,避免赤字和过度积极的描绘.
相关概念视频
01:25Learning Disabilities
94
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
94
01:27Language and Cognition
342
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
342
01:29Intellectual Disability
49
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
49
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
55
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
55
01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
24
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
24
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
80
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
80