难度敏感性取代了青春期的奖励敏感性:与任务相关的fMRI和自我调节学习选择期间的功能连接性
Esther H H Keulers1, Luciana Falbo1, Anique de Bruin2
1Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
Trends in neuroscience and education
|June 15, 2024
概括
青少年的决策表现出与年龄相关的变化,大脑的价值观是奖励与困难. 年轻的青少年专注于奖励,而年长的青少年优先考虑任务难度,反映了认知控制的成熟.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 青春期是决策过程发展的关键时期.
- 了解评估和认知控制的年龄相关变化对于解释青少年行为至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究评估和认知控制电路内的大脑活动和连接的与年龄相关的差异.
- 为了检查青少年大脑如何不同处理奖励和困难.
主要方法:
- 一项超认知任务,青少年根据奖励和难度选择接受测试.
- 与任务相关的大脑活动和功能连接的基于兴趣区域 (ROI) 的分析.
- 在13岁和17岁之间对大脑反应的比较.
主要成果:
- 在估值结构 (杏仁体,腹状条纹体,腹中前额皮层) 和尾状核中发现了与年龄相关的显著差异.
- 13岁儿童的大脑活动是由奖励调节的,而17岁儿童的活动是响应困难的.
- 这些神经差异与中部前额和条纹/桃体区域之间功能连接的年龄相关变化有关.
结论:
- 青少年对奖励和困难的敏感性在发育过程中发生了变化.
- 这些转变与认知控制电路对价值信号结构的调节中的成熟变化有关.
- 研究结果支持一种由不断演变的与努力相关的信号驱动的青少年决策模式.
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