生命早期降雨冲击对基础认知能力的长期影响:来自秘鲁的证据
Nicolás Pazos1, Marta Favara2, Alan Sánchez3
1Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA.
Economics and human biology
|June 16, 2024
概括
在低收入和中等收入国家,早期暴露于降雨冲击对儿童的执行功能和工作记忆有负面影响. 这些气候冲击也可能减少家庭对人力资本的投资,影响教育成果.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 发展经济学 发展经济学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 全球变暖改变了降水模式,不成比例地影响了低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs).
- 虽然早年降雨冲击对教育成绩的影响已知,但LMICs的潜在机制仍未得到充分研究.
- 执行功能 (EF) 是学习和学业成功的关键认知技能.
研究的目的:
- 分析生命早期降雨冲击对基本认知技能 (FCS) 的影响,包括EF,在LMICs.
- 研究降雨冲击影响认知发展和教育成果的机制.
- 探索潜在的缓解因素,例如有条件的现金转移计划.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自秘鲁的年轻人生活纵向研究 (YLS) 的数据.
- 结合YLS数据与格式化月度降水数据,以估计社区级降雨冲击.
- 采用了利用临时气候冲击的准随机性质的识别策略.
主要成果:
- 早期降雨冲击对儿童的执行功能,特别是工作记忆有显著的负面影响.
- 发现降雨冲击降低了家庭对人力资本投资的能力.
- 有关证据表明,有条件的现金转移计划可能部分抵消负面影响.
结论:
- 早期暴露于降雨冲击对LMICs的认知发展和教育成就构成威胁.
- 这些发现强调了通过认知镜头了解气候变化对儿童发育的影响的重要性.
- 旨在支持人力资本投资和减轻气候冲击影响的政策干预至关重要.
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