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缓解青年田径运动中的相对年龄影响:在多项赛事中验证校正调整程序

Paolo Riccardo Brustio¹, Gennaro Boccia², Shaun Abbott³

¹Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; NeuroMuscularFunction Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.

Journal of science and medicine in sport

|June 16, 2024

概括

相对年龄效应 (RAE) 影响年轻人的田径表现,特别是在男性中. 校正调整程序 (CAP) 有效地减少了这些RAE,使运动员能够进行更公平的评估和发展.

科学领域:

运动科学运动科学运动科学
竞技表现分析运动表现分析
人才识别人才识别

背景情况:

众所周知,相对年龄效应 (RAE) 影响体育表现,可能会扭曲青少年体育运动中的人才识别.
了解时间学年龄和表现之间的关系对于准确的运动员评估至关重要.

研究的目的:

量化意大利青年田径运动员在冲刺和跳跃比赛中的时间年龄和表现之间的关系.
通过使用纠正调整程序 (CAP) 评估和减轻RAE对性能数据的影响.

主要方法:

一个混合纵向设计分析了2005-2019年的公共田径数据,其中包括5339名意大利运动员 (年龄为11.01-17.99岁).
四位数模型确定了年龄表现趋势,然后用于将CAP应用于独立样本 (N=40,306),以调整RAE.
针对原始和调整后的绩效数据,研究了RAE分布,重点关注表现最高的25%和10%的表现者.

主要成果:

平方模型准确地描述了所有事件的年龄-表现关系 (R2=0.74-0.89).
与女性相比,RAE在男性运动员中更为明显,随着年龄的增长,RAE的影响会减少,而在更高的性能水平时会增加 (前25%至前10%).
在年度年龄组和绩效级别内,应用CAP显著减少或消除了RAE.

结论:

在意大利青年田径运动的表现上,RAE是重要的因素.
CAP被认为是一种有效的策略来纠正RAE,促进更公平的绩效评估.
实施CAP可以通过更清楚地了解真正的运动潜力,提高长期运动员发展计划的有效性.

关键词:

每年的年龄组.运动表现体育表现.时间表年龄年代表年龄人才发展人才发展.人才识别人才识别

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