途中的食:猎物的可用性和特征会影响鸟类捕食者在迁徙中的猎物选择
Ryan P Bourbour1,2, Cody M Aylward3,4, Timothy D Meehan5
1Department of Animal Science and Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
The Journal of animal ecology
|June 17, 2024
概括
在秋季迁徙中,掠食性 (Accipiter striatus) 根据可用性和尺寸和群落等特征选择猎物. 的两性变异导致了多样化的食策略,影响了歌鸟群落.
科学领域:
- 生态学和进化生物学.
- 动物行为和食生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 在动物迁徙期间,短暂的捕食者-猎物社区形成.
- 陆地捕食者与猎物的相互作用,特别是在迁徙期间,是研究不足的.
- 了解这些动态对于生态和进化见解至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查在秋季迁徙期间迁徙的和鸟类猎物之间的捕食者-猎物相互作用.
- 确定猎物特征 (大小,群,息地,迁徙趋势,可用性) 如何影响猛禽的猎物选择.
- 为了探索雄性和雌性之间的猎物选择的差异,由于性尺寸变态.
主要方法:
- 从迁徙的尖头 (Accipiter striatus) 的嘴和爪子收集了猎物DNA的痕迹.
- 使用eBird状态和趋势丰度指数提取的猎物可用性数据.
- 采用离散选择模型和eDNA元编码来分析猎物选择和食组成.
主要成果:
- 通过eDNA元编码,在94.1%的猎中检测到65种猎物.
- 食物中的猎物频率与eBird的丰富度相关,表明猎物的可用性影响了选择.
- 猎物的大小,群体行为和息地协会显著影响了猎物选择;性变态导致了不同的食策略.
结论:
- 猎物的可用性和特定的猎物特征是猛禽在迁徙期间寻找食物的关键驱动因素.
- 尖头的性大小变异导致了专门的饮食和食策略.
- 整合现场和公民科学数据揭示了保护的关键,但难以捉摸的捕食者-猎物动态.
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