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确定听力障碍的标准:对全球视角的叙述性审查
Vishak Ms1, Anbarasi Madoure1, Kalaiarasi Raja1
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.
概括
全球听力损失标准各不相同,发达国家使用纯色平均值 (PTA) 为40dB,发展中国家使用41dB. 建议对个体进行评估,以准确确定听力障碍.
科学领域:
- 听力学 听力学是指听力学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 听力损失影响了全球5%以上的人口,构成了重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 由于不同的听力测量标准和方法,对听力损失的残疾确定在国际上有所不同.
- 获得康复服务取决于准确的听力损失残疾评估.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关全球听力测量值的现有文献,以确定听力障碍.
- 突出当前国际标准中的挑战和不一致性.
- 探索对标准化和公平指导方针的需求.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Embase和Web of Science进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 从2010年到现在以英语出版的专注于听力障碍标准的文章被包括在内.
- 该审查综合了各种听力测量标准的发现及其对残疾确定性的影响.
主要成果:
- 发达国家通常使用纯色平均 (PTA) ≥40dB的残疾标准,而发展中国家使用≥41dB的PTA.
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 将残疾性听力损失定义为较好的耳朵≥41dB的PTA.
- 一些国家依赖单一频率值可能会排除轻度听力损失的个体.
结论:
- 固定的纯音调平均切线单独可能无法准确确定听力障碍;考虑通信功能的个性化方法是优越的.
- 需要进一步的研究,以建立最佳,公平的标准,考虑资源的可用性.
- 标准化的全球指导方针对于改善获得听力康复服务和听力康复服务的结果至关重要.
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