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认知控制和语言能力有助于在线阅读理解:对老年双语成年人的影响

Megan Zirnstein¹, Janet G van Hell², Judith F Kroll³

¹Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA.

The international journal of bilingualism : cross-disciplinary, cross-linguistic studies of language behavior

|June 17, 2024

概括

年长的双语成年人在阅读理解过程中表现出增强的预测成本,这与认知控制有关. 这表明双语可能会减轻与年龄相关的执行功能下降.

科学领域:

认知神经科学认知神经科学
心理语言学心理语言学
老龄化研究研究.

背景情况:

年轻的成年人在受限制的背景下预测即将到来的单词,从满足的期望中受益,但因预测错误而产生成本.
这些预测成本表现为与冲突和预测抑制相关的晚期积极事件相关潜力 (ERP).
执行功能和语言调节的个体差异会影响年轻双语者和年长单语者的预测处理.

研究的目的:

调查老年单语和双语成年人在网上阅读时是否会产生预测.
为了确定认知控制和语言调节能力是否与老年人预测成本相关.
探索执行功能如何影响老双语者的理解能力和行为.

主要方法:

在27名老年人中,电脑电图 (EEG) 在读句时进行记录.
管理一个全面的语言和认知性能任务电池.
分析与事件相关的潜力 (ERP),以评估预测错误处理.

主要成果:

较老的单语者对预测错误表现出一些敏感性.
与单语者相比,较老的双语者表现出更高的预测成本.
老双语者的预测成本与年龄和认知控制能力有显著的相关性.

结论:

这项研究提供了第一个ERP证据,证明了在老双语成年人阅读理解过程中在线预测形成.
双语可能有助于维持或增强执行功能,可能缓解与年龄相关的认知衰退.
研究结果强调了双语对语言处理和认知能力的终身影响.

关键词:

双语主义是一种双语主义.老化的老化衰老的老化认知控制是认知控制.了解理解理解理解理解与事件相关的潜力.

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