相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 23, 2025
09:52
Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity
Published on: March 16, 2018
9.4K
用抗生素治疗预防儿科急性中耳炎传染性并发症:一个元分析
Nicole E Smolinski1,2, Emma J Djabali3, Julie Al-Bahou1,4
1Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
PloS one
|June 17, 2024
概括
对急性中耳炎 (AOM) 及时服用抗生素可以降低乳腺炎的风险,但会增加副作用. 治疗罕见并发症所需的数量很高,而伤害所需的数量很低,这表明要仔细考虑在儿童中使用抗生素.
科学领域:
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
- 基于证据的医学是基于证据的医学.
- 药物监督 药物监督 药物监督
背景情况:
- 美国患有急性中耳炎 (AOM) 的儿童经常得到及时的抗生素,这与有利于警等待的指导方针相反.
- 之前的审查集中在症状解决和RCT上,忽视了罕见的并发症.
- 本研究结合了观察数据,以评估严重的AOM并发症.
研究的目的:
- 通过比较抗生素治疗与警等待来评估急性中耳炎 (AOM) 的严重并发症.
- 将观察性研究与RCT一起纳入综合风险效益分析.
- 为临床实践和公共卫生提供有关小儿AOM抗生素使用的信息.
主要方法:
- 系统性审查和RCT和观察性研究的元分析,比较抗生素与安慰剂或小儿AOM的警等待.
- 独立提取研究和患者特征,以及两位评论员的结果.
- 评估出版偏差和研究偏差 (ROBINS-1,ROB-2),使用随机效应模型来估计治疗效应.
主要成果:
- 二十四项研究被纳入了元分析.
- 抗生素降低了急性乳腺炎的风险 (NNT 5,368),尽管由于错误分类,这种影响可能被高估.
- 抗生素显著增加了不良反应 (NNH 23) 的风险,发病率为10.5%.
结论:
- 对AOM的及时抗生素治疗提供了对某些并发症 (如急性乳腺炎) 的保护作用.
- 严重并发症需要治疗 (NNT) 的数量很高,而有害影响需要伤害 (NNH) 的数量很低.
- 进一步的大规模,基于人群的观测研究与验证的措施对于完善抗生素策略和优化患者结果至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:26Tonsillitis II: Management
109
This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
109
01:30Acute Pharyngitis
576
Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
576
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
319
The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
319
01:23Chronic Pharyngitis
1.7K
Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
1.7K
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
1.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.2K
01:30Tonsillitis I: Introduction
233
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
233