相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

RAS-突变的卵泡甲状腺瘤:病理学家面临的持续挑战

Juan C Hernandez-Prera¹, Bruce M Wenig²

¹Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. juan.hernandez-prera@moffitt.org.

Endocrine pathology

|June 18, 2024

概括

分类RAS突变甲状腺结节,特别是卵泡结节,是一项挑战. 本综述阐明了区分良性,低风险和恶性瘤的组织学特征,有助于准确诊断卵泡甲状腺新生瘤.

科学领域:

病理学病理学病理学
内分泌学在内分泌学.
在瘤学瘤学.

背景情况:

甲状腺结节的分类,特别是在具有RAS突变的卵泡模式瘤中,存在诊断挑战.
基因组学特征如核异型,入侵,线粒活动和亡是关键的,但往往是模两可的.
区分良性和恶性卵泡瘤需要仔细评估特定标准.

研究的目的:

审查良性,低风险和恶性RAS突变甲状腺瘤的组织学相关性.
解决分类带有令人担忧特征和RAS突变的卵泡结节的挑战.
澄清非侵入性卵泡甲状腺新生体与乳头状核特征 (NIFTP) 和卵泡甲状腺癌 (FTC) 的诊断标准.

主要方法:

对RAS突变甲状腺结节的组织学特征和诊断标准的审查.
讨论核特征,入侵评估 (囊和血管) 和线粒活动.
评估辅助技术,如免疫组织化学和多层切割.

主要成果:

发生RAS突变的卵泡模式瘤范围从良性腺瘤到恶性癌瘤.
封装瘤中的核特征有助于区分卵泡甲状腺瘤 (FTA) 与NIFTP.
血管侵入是RAS突变卵泡瘤中恶性瘤的关键指标,尽管其评估可能具有挑战性.

结论:

准确的RAS突变甲状腺结节的分类依赖于细致的组织学评估,特别是入侵和核特征.
对于某些具有高风险突变和令人担忧的特征的毛囊结节的名称仍在争论中.
为了准确的甲状腺癌分类,需要改进诊断标准和潜在的修订命名法.

关键词:

RAS / 类似RAS的突变在RAS-BRAFV600E二分法中.毛囊结节性疾病毛囊结节性疾病毛囊性甲状腺腺瘤是什么毛囊性甲状腺癌是什么?乳头甲状腺癌的侵入性封装变体.这是NIFTP的NIFTP.甲状腺结节甲状腺结节

更多相关视频

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

High-Resolution Ultrasonography for the Analysis of Orthotopic ATC Tumors in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model

High-Resolution Ultrasonography for the Analysis of Orthotopic ATC Tumors in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model

Published on: October 11, 2022

相关概念视频

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...