在由人类塑造的多掠食者景观中,白尾鹿的种群动态
Taylor R Ganz1, Sarah B Bassing1, Melia T DeVivo2
1School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
概括
人类修改的景观中的白尾鹿种群受到捕食者和息地的影响. 像美洲狮这样的顶级捕食者对鹿有负面影响,而木材采伐和农业提供料,创造了双重的自上而下的和自下而上的影响.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 大型陆地哺乳动物越来越多地居住在人类改变的景观中.
- 了解这些地区的捕食者-猎物动态对于有效的野生动物管理至关重要.
- 华盛顿东北部的白尾鹿面临着包括狼在内的多种食肉动物的掠夺,在人类改变的环境中.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究影响人类修改的景观中白尾鹿种群动态的因素.
- 评估各种掠食者和土地管理实践对鹿的生存和种群增长的相对影响.
- 了解自上而下的 (掠食) 和自下而上的 (料可用性) 因素的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 对白尾鹿,猫,美洲狮,大猩猩和狼 (2016-2021) 进行无线电测定和监测.
- 使用阶段结构矩阵模型估计鹿的生命率和种群增长率.
- 考克斯比例危险模型的应用,以评估捕食者暴露,景观使用和冬季严重程度对鹿的生存的影响.
主要成果:
- 白尾鹿的数量稳定或下降 (lambda=0.97).
- 顶级捕食者,特别是美洲狮,对鹿种群增长产生了负面影响,而木材采伐和农业区通过增加料对其产生了积极影响.
- 车辆碰撞是鹿死亡的一个重要原因,尽管靠近道路并没有影响整体人口增长.
结论:
- 人类修改的景观中的白尾鹿种群经历了由上向下 (掠食) 和下向上 (食) 因素的双重调节.
- 减少车辆碰撞可能有利于鹿群和人类安全.
- 管理策略应考虑捕食者,息地变化和猎物动态之间的复杂相互作用.
关键词:
狼犬 (Canis lupus) 是一种流感性动物.它们是Odocoileus virginianus的马的颜色是同一个颜色.农业 农业 农业 农业肉食动物 肉食动物人口动态 人口动态捕食者与猎物的相互作用生存分析,生存分析.收获木材 收获木材的收获类动物 类动物更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Predator-Prey Interactions
16.2K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.2K
Threats to Biodiversity
22.2K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.2K
Conservation of Small Populations
13.1K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.1K
What are Populations and Communities?
33.9K
Overview
33.9K
Conservation of Declining Populations
9.6K
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
9.6K
Habitat Fragmentation
17.5K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
17.5K


