在重大抑郁症中, ketamine 调节了 habenular 和 nucleus accumbens 的功能连接性
Brandon Taraku1, Joana R Loureiro1, Ashish K Sahib1
1Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Brain and behavior
|June 19, 2024
概括
连续胺注入 (SKI) 通过改变大脑网络中的功能连接,涉及到 habenula (Hb) 和 nucleus accumbens (NAc),迅速改善了严重抑郁症 (MDD) 的情绪和无情感.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
背景情况:
- 重度抑郁症 (MDD) 与涉及到大脑 (Hb) 和内核 (NAc) 的奖励处理受损有关.
- 氨酸在MDD中表现出快速的抗抑郁和抗神经性作用,表明这些神经回路的调节.
研究的目的:
- 调查串行胺注入 (SKI) 如何调节MDD患者在Hb和NAc网络中的静态和动态功能连接 (FC).
- 为了将FC的变化与情绪和无情感的临床改善相关联.
主要方法:
- 在MDD的参与者 (n=58) 接受了4次SKI治疗 (0.5毫克/千克) 超过2-3周.
- 休息状态fMRI扫描和临床评估在基线和SKI后24小时进行.
- 分析了静态FC (sFC) 和动态FC变性 (dFCv),并与健康对照 (HC) 进行了比较.
主要成果:
- SKI增加了左侧Hb视觉皮层的FC,并减少了左侧Hb双脑皮层和左侧NAc大脑皮层的FC.
- 在Hb和NAc网络中的dFCv降低与情绪改善和无情感降低相关.
- 在Hb和NAc通路中发生的特定FC变化与无子的改善有关.
结论:
- 在MDD中,亚麻醉胺调节了连接Hb和NAc与视觉,头顶和小脑区域的功能通路.
- 在Hb和NAc系统内重叠的功能作用与MDD中胺的治疗反应有关.
相关概念视频
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake
Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines
CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents
Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...


