关于将小阵容与指示相结合的可能优势,这不鼓励基于猜测的选择
Amelie Therre1, Raoul Bell2, Nicola Marie Menne2
1Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Amelie.Therre@hhu.de.
Scientific reports
|June 19, 2024
概括
较小的队列和特定的指示可以通过减少猜测来提高目击者识别的准确性. 这种方法增强了对罪犯的检测,同时保持了识别无辜嫌疑人的低率.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 法医科学 法医科学 法医科学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 传统的目击者队列使用众多填充剂来尽量减少猜测.
- 以前的研究表明,较小的阵容可能提供处理优势.
- 然而,较小的队列可以增加无辜嫌疑人的识别率,因为猜测分散率降低了.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究较小的阵容与特定指令相结合的有效性.
- 减少在目击者鉴定中基于猜测的选择.
- 为了比较较小的阵列与低罪祸首概率指令与较大的阵列与中性指令.
主要方法:
- 使用两个高值目击者识别模型进行了两项实验.
- 参与者被分为较小的阵列,具有低罪祸首概率的指令,或更大的阵列,具有中立的指令.
- 目击者的表现是通过罪犯存在检测和识别率来衡量的.
主要成果:
- 在较小的队列中,犯罪者检测的可能性更大.
- 与中立指令相比,建议低罪祸首概率的指令减少了猜测.
- 在较小的队列 (有特殊指令) 和较大的队列 (有中立指令) 之间,无辜嫌疑人的识别率是可比的.
- 犯罪者识别率在较小的队列中较高,其指令的犯罪者概率较低.
结论:
- 将较小的队列与降低犯罪者存在的感知可能性的指示相结合,可以提高目击者识别的准确性.
- 这一策略有效地减少了基于猜测的选择,并增加了正确的嫌疑人识别.
- 这些发现表明,在法医环境中,对阵容构建和管理有更有效的方法.
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