在社区样本中,阅读障碍和ADHD之间的并发症:对学术,社会和神经心理功能的影响
Erik G Willcutt1, Stephen A Petrill2
1University of Colorado Boulder.
概括
阅读障碍 (RD) 和注意力缺陷/多动症障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童表现出最显著的障碍. 在RD评估中,早期查ADHD和情绪困难对于有效的干预至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 阅读障碍 (RD) 和注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 之间的并发症带来了复杂的挑战.
- 了解这种并发症的影响对于有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在一个大型的学校样本中调查RD和ADHD之间的并发症的含义.
- 为了比较不同组的障碍水平,只有RD,RD和ADHD,没有阅读或注意力困难.
主要方法:
- 从公立学区招募了1866名儿童.
- 将参与者分为三组:没有ADHD的RD,有ADHD的RD,没有RD或ADHD.
- 进行心理教育和神经心理评估.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,这两个RD组的内部化/外部化障碍和总体损伤率都较高.
- 合并性RD和ADHD组在大多数措施中表现出最严重的损伤.
- 认知处理速度和工作记忆缺陷在并发症组中最为明显.
结论:
- 对RD的精神教育评估应包括对ADHD和情绪/行为问题的查.
- 同时发生的RD和ADHD需要同时解决这两种情况的干预措施.
- 认知处理和工作记忆的缺陷可能是DRD和ADHD并发症的基础.
相关概念视频
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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01:25Learning Disabilities
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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
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01:27Language and Cognition
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
80
01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
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01:30Information Processing Approach
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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