分泌自 - - 一个调节突触可塑性的新范式
Yen-Ching Chang1, Karen T Chang1,2
1Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Autophagy
|June 20, 2024
概括
神经元使用一种称为分泌自的新途径来重塑连接,这对于形成持久记忆至关重要. 这一过程以细胞外的方式释放细胞成分,与典型的降解途径不同.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 神经元根据活动迅速改变结构和功能,这一过程称为活动诱导的突触重塑.
- 这种重塑对于记忆形成至关重要,但根本的分子机制尚未完全理解.
- 突触可塑性和神经发育共享调节过程,使研究急性突触变化的研究复杂化.
研究的目的:
- 研究活动诱导突触重塑的分子机制.
- 确定自在突触可塑性和记忆形成中的作用.
- 确定涉及跨突触信号传递的新途径.
主要方法:
- 在 *Drosophila* 中进行了RNA干扰 (RNAi) 选,准与人类神经系统功能相关的基因.
- 研究了宏观自及其组成部分在突触可塑性中的作用.
- 操纵了分泌自途径基因 (Sec22,Snap29,Rab8) 和监测了自活动.
主要成果:
- 宏自对于突触发育和可塑性至关重要,但活动诱导的重塑不依赖于溶酶体降解基因.
- 击败分泌自的成分 (Sec22,Snap29,Rab8) 破坏了结构和功能上的突触可塑性.
- 神经元活动抑制了降解性自,促进了向分泌性自释放的转变.
结论:
- 分泌性自,一种非常规的途径,对于活动诱导的突触重塑至关重要.
- 自细胞与等离子膜融合,以细胞外释放内容,作为一种新的跨突触信号传递机制.
- 这一途径对于将经验转化为稳定的记忆至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:27Autophagy
4.2K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
4.2K
01:36Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome
6.3K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
6.3K
01:26Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane
11.0K
Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
11.0K
01:01Neuroplasticity
324
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
324
01:26Chemical Synapses
8.8K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
8.8K
01:45ER Retrieval Pathway
3.8K
In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
3.8K