胰岛素和瘦素的振荡会导致食物引起的色和代谢灵活性
Pamela Mattar1, Andressa Reginato2, Christian Lavados2
1Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Cell reports
|June 20, 2024
概括
定时养,特别是每晚两次 (TAN) 养,通过协调胰岛素和瘦素振荡来增强脂肪组织的色. 这一过程涉及先天性淋巴状2型细胞,需要神经系统信号来增加能量消耗.
科学领域:
- 代谢生理学 代谢生理学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 脂肪组织生物学 脂肪组织生物学
背景情况:
- 已知定时养策略会影响代谢过程,包括脂肪组织色.
- 准确的分子和细胞机制将定时食与脂肪组织重塑联系在一起仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 阐明定时养促进脂肪组织色并增加能量消耗的整合机制.
- 研究荷尔蒙振荡,细胞信号传递和神经系统内化在调解这些效应中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在动物模型中利用每晚两次 (TAN) 养模式.
- 采用单细胞RNA测序 (scRNA-seq) 和流细胞计用于细胞分析.
- 研究了sWAT仓库缩,激素受体信号干扰和先天性淋巴细胞2型 (ILC2) 细胞操纵的影响.
- 通过定时的联合注射,通过实验重建了荷尔蒙波动.
主要成果:
- 食TAN诱导了胰岛素和瘦素的双相振荡,导致皮下白色脂肪组织 (sWAT) 的显著重塑.
- 发现胰岛素和瘦素的激增对于招募ILC2细胞,促进sWAT棕色化和增加能量消耗至关重要.
- 干扰sWAT内化,瘦素/胰岛素信号或ILC2招募减弱了TAN养的有益作用.
- 通过定时注射模仿荷尔蒙波动,有利地重塑了内化sWAT,突出了完整内化的必要性.
结论:
- 通过调节的胰岛素和瘦素振荡,定时食驱动sWAT重塑并增强能量消耗.
- 天生的淋巴状2型细胞和完整的交感神经系统内置sWAT是定时食的代谢益处的关键调解者.
- 营养敏感通道和激素信号的重组是改善代谢健康的关键策略.
相关概念视频
Regulation of Food Intake
218
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
218
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
3.2K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.2K
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
1.6K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
1.6K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
1.2K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.2K
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways
1.2K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
1.2K
Regulation of Metabolism
9.4K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
9.4K


