在布登戈黑猩猩的饮食中对假定的自我治疗植物进行药理和行为研究
Elodie Freymann1, Susana Carvalho1,2,3, Leif A Garbe4,5
1Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, Department of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
PloS one
|June 20, 2024
概括
乌干达的野生黑猩猩通过食用具有强烈抗菌和抗炎功能的植物来自我治疗. 这项研究揭示了植物的药用,支持野生灵长类动物种群中的动物药物识别.
科学领域:
- 动物药物鉴定学 动物药物鉴定学
- 灵长类动物的种族学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 野生黑猩猩食用各种植物,包括那些营养价值较低的植物,据推测具有药用特性.
- 了解植物对野生灵长类动物健康的使用对于动物药物识别至关重要.
- 区分预防性药用养与治疗性自我治疗需要综合数据.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究野生黑猩猩在乌干达布登戈森林食用的植物的抗菌和抗炎性质.
- 为了将植物消费与黑猩猩的健康状况和观察到的行为相关联.
- 为野生黑猩猩群体的自我治疗行为提供证据.
主要方法:
- 从13种植物物种收集了17个植物样本,这些样本与特定的黑猩猩健康事件或行为有关.
- 从每个样本中制造出三种提取物 (n-hexane,乙烯酸,甲醇/水).
- 在体外对多药耐药细菌 (ESKAPE菌株) 和循环氧化酶-2 (COX-2) 酶进行了测试.
主要成果:
- 88%的提取物表现出抗菌活性; 45%的提取物在≤256μg/mL时活跃.
- 对抗耐药细菌的*Alstonia boonei*和*Khaya anthotheca*提取物观察到强大的抗菌活性.
- 33%的提取物抑制了COX-2; *Khaya anthotheca*和*Christella parasitica*提取物显示出显著的抗炎作用.
结论:
- 布登戈黑猩猩食用几种具有重要的药用性质的植物物种.
- 观察到有高寄生虫负载,感染或受伤的个体食用*K. anthotheca*和*C. parasitica*,支持自我治疗.
- 综合的药理和观察数据加强了在野生黑猩猩中使用治疗植物的证据.
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