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在匈牙利的MSM中爆发了A型肝炎病毒亚型IB疫情,与冷果源有关
Ágnes Dencs1, Andrea Hettmann1, Erzsébet Barcsay1
1National Reference Laboratory for Hepatitis Viruses, Department of Virology, National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Albert Florian Rd. 2-6, Budapest H-1097, Hungary.
概括
匈牙利2022年甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV) 爆发,主要影响与男性发生性关系的男性 (MSM),是由独特的IB亚型菌株驱动的. 分子和流行病学数据揭示了性传播和通过食物传播的来源,强调了有针对性的预防的必要性.
科学领域:
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 与男性发生性关系的男性 (MSM) 是甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV) 感染的高风险群体,疫情通常与亚型IA菌株有关.
- 匈牙利在2022年经历了报告的HAV感染的显著增加,这标志着与几年低发病率的不同.
研究的目的:
- 调查2022年匈牙利HAV爆发的分子和流行病学特征.
- 为了确定涉及疫情的特定HAV亚型和遗传变异.
- 阐明传播动态和潜在的感染源.
主要方法:
- 在2022年诊断的224名IgM阳性患者中,使用VP1/P2A结的测序对HAVRNA进行基因型鉴定.
- 全基因组测序以评估检测到的菌株之间的遗传变异.
- 对流行病学数据的分析,包括患者人口统计,共感染和潜在的暴露来源.
主要成果:
- 在171名患者中发现了一种独特的IB HAV亚型菌株,与之前描述的爆发菌株不同.
- 爆发菌株在VP1/P2A结处表现出高序列一致性 (99.8-100%) 和有限的全基因组变异,这表明最近的共同起源.
- 流行病学数据指出,性传播是主要的驱动因素,由男性与女性的高比例和艾滋病毒和其他性传播疾病的共感染证明. 还确定了一个与冷果相关的餐厅集群.
结论:
- 2022年匈牙利HAV疫情的特点是新型亚型IB菌株,主要在MSM中通过性传播.
- 分子测序对于发现疫情病例,评估变种相关性和了解传播途径至关重要.
- 针对弱势群体的有针对性的预防策略对于减轻未来HAV负担至关重要.
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