接种疫苗可以减少中枢神经系统IL-1β和COVID-19后小鼠的记忆缺陷
Abigail Vanderheiden1,2, Jeremy D Hill1,2, Xiaoping Jiang1,2
1Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Nature immunology
|June 20, 2024
概括
严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染可以通过增加大脑中白蛋白-1β (IL-1β) 引起认知缺陷. 接种疫苗可以通过阻止突破性感染期间IL-1β的产生来防止这种记忆丧失.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 后急性认知后果,包括记忆功能障碍,影响高达25%的感染SARS-CoV-2的个人.
- 与COVID-19相关的认知障碍以及疫苗接种的保护作用背后的机制在很大程度上是未知的.
- 在COVID-19患者的海马体中观察到高水平的互白素-1 (IL-1),这是一个关键的先天免疫媒介.
研究的目的:
- 调查SARS-CoV-2引起的认知障碍的机制.
- 确定IL-1β在SARS-CoV-2介导的记忆缺陷中的作用.
- 评估疫苗接种对预防认知后果的影响.
主要方法:
- 在C57BL/6J小鼠的鼻腔内感染了SARS-CoV-2Beta变种.
- 对中枢神经系统免疫细胞透和微质激活的评估.
- 测量大脑IL-1β水平和海马神经发生.
- 在感染和接种疫苗的小鼠中评估记忆功能.
主要成果:
- 在小鼠中,SARS-CoV-2感染导致单细胞透,微质激活,并增加海马IL-1β水平.
- 该病毒诱导了持续的IL-1受体1 (IL-1R1) 介导的海马神经生成损失,与认知缺陷相关.
- 但H1N1流感病毒并没有引起这些影响.
- 在突破性SARS-CoV-2感染期间,用腺病毒载体尖端蛋白接种疫苗可以防止IL-1β的产生,神经发生损失和记忆缺陷.
结论:
- 介质素-1β (IL-1β) 被确定为SARS-CoV-2引起的认知障碍的关键调解者.
- 接种疫苗通过抑制IL-1β.证明了预防SARS-CoV-2相关记忆缺陷的有效性.
- 这项研究提出了一种新的小鼠模型,用于探索COVID-19相关的认知功能障碍和疫苗接种的保护作用.
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