双向促进体调节的分子模型
Sarah Nemsick1, Anders S Hansen1
1Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Current opinion in structural biology
|June 21, 2024
概括
双向促进体 (BDPs) 调节基因对,可能增强协同调节并减少表达噪声. 本综述探讨了六种机制模型,解释了保存基因对的这些功能.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 遗传学是一种遗传学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 基因规则 基因规则
背景情况:
- 大约11%的人类基因使用双向促进子 (BDP),其特点是基因距离不到1kb.
- BDPs在进化过程中被保存和丰富,用于家庭和瘤基因,这表明它们具有重要的调节作用.
- BDPs的精确调节功能,例如促进基因协同调节或减少表达噪声,仍然在很大程度上不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 审查和讨论双向促进者的潜在监管功能.
- 探索六种潜在的机制模型,这些模型是BDP介导的基因同调和减少表达噪声的基础.
- 阐明可能导致BDPs独特调节性质的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 文献综述和对双向促进剂现有研究的综合.
- 讨论了六种拟议的机制模型:单核酶体无区域,共享转录因子结合,合作性负超卷,双模组合组织标记,关节增强剂激活和RNA介导的招募.
- 分析这些机制如何独立或合作地影响基因表达.
主要成果:
- BDPs参与促进基因对的协同调节.
- BDPs可能在降低相关基因的表达噪声方面发挥作用.
- 提出了六种不同的分子机制来支这些调节功能.
结论:
- 双向促进体代表了一个保留的调节元件,对基因表达有重大影响.
- 提出的机制模型为了解BDP如何实现协同调节和降噪提供了一个框架.
- 对这些机制的进一步研究对于充分理解BDPs在基因调节中的作用至关重要.
相关概念视频
02:40The Eukaryotic Promoter Region
16.3K
The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences. The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
16.3K
02:13Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators
6.4K
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
6.4K
02:36RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins
9.2K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
9.2K
01:58Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors
21.0K
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Transcription of prokaryotic...
21.0K
02:04Co-activators and Co-repressors
7.3K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
7.3K
02:09Operons
48.9K
Prokaryotes can control gene expression through operons—DNA sequences consisting of regulatory elements and clustered, functionally related protein-coding genes. Operons use a single promoter sequence to initiate transcription of a gene cluster (i.e., a group of structural genes) into a single mRNA molecule. The terminator sequence ends transcription. An operator sequence, located between the promoter and structural genes, prohibits the operon’s transcriptional activity if bound by...
48.9K