马拉维南部对抗生素耐药细菌的主要环境暴露途径:SaniPath方法
Taonga Mwapasa1, Kondwani Chidziwisano2, Madalitso Mphasa3
1Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health, and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.
The Science of the total environment
|June 21, 2024
概括
抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 在马拉维的社区环境中传播,特别是在城市地区,通过排水和土壤. 恶劣的卫生条件和季节性因素显著增加了扩展光谱β-乳糖酶 (ESBL) 生产细菌的流行率.
科学领域:
- 环境微生物学环境微生物学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
背景情况:
- 抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 是一个关键的全球健康挑战.
- 在公共环境中对AMR的传播途径尚不清楚.
- 这项研究重点关注马拉维的扩展谱β-乳糖酶 (ESBL) 生产细菌.
研究的目的:
- 调查马拉维的AMR风险路径,ESBL产生的大肠杆菌和肺炎菌的流行率和季节性.
- 确定有助于环境污染的做法.
- 在公共环境中为AMR控制提供干预信息.
主要方法:
- 利用SaniPath工具进行横断步行,以识别暴露途径.
- 在12个月内从城市,郊区和农村地区收集了1440个环境样本.
- 使用染色体 agar进行微生物学分析以检测产生ESBL的细菌.
主要成果:
- 在城市环境 (68.1%) 和特定的通道,如下水道 (58.8%) 和土壤 (54.1%) 中观察到ESBL患病率最高.
- 环境污染与恶劣的卫生设施和卫生基础设施有关.
- 患ESBL的患病率呈季节性变化,在炎热干燥的季节达到顶峰,并随着降雨而增加.
结论:
- 公共环境是AMR传播的重要储库,ESBL细菌在暴露途径中丰富.
- 不足够的卫生基础设施和做法,以及季节性动态,加剧了ESBL的存在.
- 针对基础设施,行为和监视的综合性,系统层面的方法对于AMR缓解至关重要.
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