在对它们的捕食鸟呼叫的响应中,异体的Heliconius melpomene蝶的行为变化
Sushant Potdar1, Madhuri Dinakar2, Erica L Westerman1
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
Behavioural processes
|June 22, 2024
概括
蝶 (Heliconius butterflies) 尽管有防御能力,但它们对捕食者的呼叫改变了行为. 具体来说,Heliconius melpomene蝶响应了jacamar的呼叫,表明了捕食者特定的听觉检测.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 感官生物学 感官生物学
背景情况:
- 猎物-掠食者相互作用推动了反掠食性特征的演变,包括听觉检测.
- 虽然许多物种对捕食者声音的行为反应是已知的,但蝶对鸟类捕食者呼叫的反应还未得到充分研究.
- 赫利科尼乌斯蝶以不好吃和模仿而闻名,具有听觉器官,有可能用于捕食者检测.
研究的目的:
- 调查Heliconius melpomene蝶是否表现出行为变化,以响应其天然禽类捕食者的听觉线索.
- 要确定这些反应是针对某些捕食者呼叫的具体反应还是通用的.
- 探索行为反应中的潜在的性别特异性差异.
主要方法:
- 回放实验让雄性和雌性Heliconius melpomene plessini暴露在尾,东方王鸟,热带王鸟,控制图坎的呼叫和背景噪音的呼叫中.
- 观察和记录行为变化,包括运动和性际交互.
- 分析了反应,以区分掠食者特定的呼叫和控制刺激.
主要成果:
- 蝶仅在响应尾叫声时显著改变了行为.
- 雄性蝶在暴露于jacamar呼叫时增加了走路和飞翔;雌性蝶没有显著的变化.
- 在任何实验条件下,没有观察到跨性别行为 (求婚,交配) 的显著变化.
- 响应是针对jacamar呼叫的,对王鸟呼叫或控制声音没有反应.
结论:
- 黑龙 (Heliconius melpomene) 蝶表现出捕食者特定的听觉检测,在响应某些捕食者呼叫时修改行为.
- 这表明,它们具有区分不同鸟类捕食者发声的复杂能力,补充了它们现有的物理防御.
- 这些发现突出了听觉线索在蝶的反掠夺策略中的作用,反应可能因性别而异.
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