taurine 在生理学和病理学中通过内质网的作用
Linfeng Wang1, Zhenxing Xie2, Mengxian Wu1
1Institute of Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
Biochemical pharmacology
|June 23, 2024
概括
氨基酸陶因通过减少氧化应激和炎症,有益于健康. 本综述探讨了 taurine 如何调节内质网膜 (ER) 以对抗与 ER 压力相关的疾病.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 生物化学 生化学
- 病理学 病理学 病理学
背景情况:
- 氨酸是一种重要的含硫氨基酸,具有多种生物功能,包括透调节和抗氧化剂防御.
- 由错误折叠的蛋白质积累和未折叠的蛋白质反应 (UPR) 所表现的内质网膜 (ER) 压力,与各种疾病有关.
- ER恒温对于细胞功能至关重要,其破坏有助于疾病的发病.
研究的目的:
- 审查 taurine 在调节 ER 压力的有益作用.
- 阐明 taurine 在生理和病理条件下调节 ER 功能的机制.
- 为未来的研究和 taurine 在 ER 相关疾病的临床应用提供见解.
主要方法:
- 对调查氨酸对ER压力的影响的研究的文献综述.
- 对 taurine 的抗氧化,抗炎和抗丧机制的研究分析.
- 综合与氨酸对UPR通路和ER恒温的影响相关的发现.
主要成果:
- 氨酸表现出对ER压力诱导的细胞损伤的保护作用.
- 氨酸调节了参与UPR的关键信号通路.
- 氨酸的抗氧化和抗炎性质有助于其对ER功能的有益作用.
结论:
- 氨酸在缓解ER压力及其相关病理方面发挥着重要作用.
- 通过氨酸准ER调节,为各种疾病提供了一个有前途的治疗策略.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分探索 taurine 在管理 ER 相关疾病的临床潜力.
相关概念视频
01:17Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway
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Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
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01:21Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
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01:43The Endoplasmic Reticulum
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The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
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01:39Endoplasmic Reticulum
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells is a substantial network of interconnected membranes with diverse functions, from calcium storage to biomolecule synthesis. A primary component of the endomembrane system, the ER manufactures phospholipids critical for membrane function throughout the cell. Additionally, the two distinct regions of the ER specialize in the manufacture of specific lipids and proteins.
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01:45Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane
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Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...
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01:27Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER
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A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
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