听力损失和认知衰退:在一个听力健康问题世界里,优先考虑公平
Carrie L Nieman1,2,3, Roland J Thorpe3,4,5, Esther S Oh2,3,5,6,7
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA.
Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)
|June 24, 2024
概括
听力干预,就像助听器一样,可以减少老年人的认知衰退,特别是那些来自少数民族背景的人. 这突显了可访问的听力护理对大脑健康公平的重要性.
科学领域:
- 老年学与公共卫生
- 神经科学和听力学
- 健康 公平 研究 健康 公平 研究
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (ADRD) 和与年龄相关的听力损失是重要的公共卫生问题,特别是影响老年人.
- 这两种情况都将年龄作为主要的风险因素,并且在可访问,负担得起的识别和管理方面面临挑战.
- 现有的健康差异不成比例地影响了种族和少数民族的老年人,无论是ADRD还是听力护理.
研究的目的:
- 评估听力干预对老年人认知变化的影响.
- 为了调查是否提供助听器在三年内减少认知衰退.
- 解决听力损失,认知健康和健康公平的交叉问题.
主要方法:
- 老年人衰老和认知健康评估 (ACHIEVE) 试验是一项随机对照试验.
- 参与者接受了助听器干预或教育控制.
- 在3年的时间内评估认知变化.
主要成果:
- 听力干预,特别是助听器,与认知变化减少有关.
- 认知衰退风险较高的参与者 (教育程度较低,收入低,黑人身份,心血管风险因素) 观察到最大的益处.
- 这些高风险群体在研究中往往没有得到充分的代表,并且在听力护理方面面临障碍.
结论:
- 听力干预在缓解认知衰退方面表现有前途,特别是在弱势群体中.
- 需要优先考虑研究和听力护理服务中的公平性.
- 将听力健康纳入大脑健康策略是解决不同老年人需求的关键.
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