对化石真海 (海科) 的"生态形状假设"进行定量测试
James Patrick Rule1,2, Gustavo Burin1, Travis Park1,2,3
1Sciences Group, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.
PeerJ
|June 24, 2024
概括
对化石真海 (Phocidae) 进行分类的生态形态型假设缺乏定量支持. 形态测量分析显示了显著的重叠,这表明大多数命名的化石海物种应该被认为是 nomina dubia.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 系统学 系统学 系统学
- 海洋哺乳动物的进化
背景情况:
- 真正海 (海科) 的化石记录主要由孤立的骨头组成,通常被指定为类型标本.
- 以前的分类学努力依赖于"生态形态类型假设",将形态学与生态学联系起来,用于分类碎片化化石.
- 这种定性方法已被广泛使用,但缺乏严格的定量测试.
研究的目的:
- 在化石虫分类学中量化测试"生态形态类型假设"的有效性.
- 评估使用四肢骨的形态分析来分类化石海的可靠性.
- 根据经验证据,修订命名化石虫物种的分类学地位.
主要方法:
- 对化石和现存的北方海肢骨进行形态测量分析.
- 主要组件分析 (PCA) 和区分函数分析 (DFA) 的应用.
- 将形态测量数据与已确定的"生态形态型"进行比较.
主要成果:
- 在拟议的生态形态类型之间观察到显著的形态重叠,表明差异化能力较差.
- "生态类型假设"未能始终将化石分配到它们的指定的类别中.
- 一些来自同一分类学群的化石被分为不同的生态形态型,突出了该方法的不一致性.
结论:
- "生态类型假设"不是一个科学有效的方法来分类化石鱼.
- 使用这种方法引用的化石应该被认为是未知的分类学地位.
- 由于诊断证据不足,大多数命名的化石类人群被修订为被认为是 nomina dubia.
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