谁对谁说了什么? 在单语和双语中记忆源和目的地
Naoko Tsuboi1, Wendy S Francis2
1Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
Memory & cognition
|June 24, 2024
概括
双语者在观察到的环境中对交谈伙伴表现出增强的记忆力,这表明在不产生语言时注意力更有效. 在直接交互期间认知需求较高时,语言能力有助于记忆.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 记忆研究 记忆研究
背景情况:
- 了解对话背景的记忆,特别是谁说话 (来源) 和谁听话 (目的地),对于社会认知至关重要.
- 之前的研究表明,在直接交互中,目标记忆通常比源记忆差,这可能是由于自我聚焦或句子生成的认知负载.
- 双语和语言能力在对话伙伴的记忆中的作用仍然是一个需要进一步研究的领域.
研究的目的:
- 在直接交互和观察环境中调查对话来源和目的地的记忆.
- 为了比较单语和双语参与者之间的记忆性能.
- 检查语言能力对对话伙伴记忆的影响.
主要方法:
- 两项实验涉及单语和双语参与者.
- 实验1:参与者与盟友进行直接的英语对话.
- 实验2:参与者观察了同志之间的录音对话,重点关注演讲者和听众的记忆.
主要成果:
- 在这两项实验中,源记忆总是比目标记忆更准确.
- 在观察到的对话中,双语者与单语者相比,表现出更好的源头和目标记忆.
- 只有在直接互动期间,对话伙伴的语言能力与记忆有积极的相关性,突出了认知需求的影响.
结论:
- 这些发现表明,双语者可能具有更有效的注意力分配,特别是当他们没有参与活跃的语言生产时.
- 该研究表明,在编码对话特征方面存在一个权衡,源和目标存储器在观察设置中不能独立编码.
- 在高认知负载条件下,语言能力对对话记忆有益,例如在直接交互中生成句子.
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