稀疏的注释足以启动密集的细分
Vijay Venu Thiyagarajan1, Arlo Sheridan2, Kristen M Harris1
1Department of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas, 78712.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|June 25, 2024
概括
我们开发了一种深度学习方法,从稀疏的二维注释中创建3D大脑重建,显著减少注释时间和民主化训练数据生成,以理解神经电路.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 计算机视觉 计算机视觉
- 生物成像是一种生物成像.
背景情况:
- 神经回路的精确3D重建对于理解大脑功能至关重要.
- 深度学习模型需要广泛的基础真相数据进行培训,这需要大量的劳动力来生成.
- 在复杂的生物结构中,例如大脑神经中,注释实例细分特别具有挑战性.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种基于深度学习的新方法,用于从稀疏的二维注释快速生成密集的3D细分.
- 减少为生物图像分析创建培训数据所需的人力努力和时间.
- 为了使非专家注释者能够为大规模的大脑电路映射的培训数据的生成作出贡献.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个深度学习模型,从单个串行部分图像上的稀疏2D注释生成密集的3D细分.
- 利用脑神经的串行断面电子显微镜数据进行方法开发和验证.
- 训练模型使用快速生成的细分和专家注释的地面真相数据.
主要成果:
- 这种新的方法从最小的二维注释快速生成密集的3D细分.
- 在这些生成的细分上训练的深度学习模型的准确性与在专家注释的数据上训练的模型相提并论.
- 标注时间减少了三倍,非专家可以生成所需的标注.
结论:
- 开发的方法显著加速了用于生物成像中的3D实例细分的训练数据的创建.
- 这种方法使大规模训练数据集的生成民主化,促进了大脑电路研究.
- 这些发现为更高效,更容易获得的复杂神经结构分析铺平了道路.
相关概念视频
01:13¹H NMR: Complex Splitting
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
01:20¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
01:20Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Fragmentation Overview
The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can occur at...
One type of fragmentation pattern is the cleavage of a single bond in the molecular ion. The cleavage leads to a radical and a cation. The cleavage can occur at...
01:10Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule
In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1 triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.
01:04¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
01:21Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...