噪音的起源在改善和降低决策中的影响
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|June 25, 2024
概括
神经系统中的噪音根据其来源不同地影响决策. 早期噪音有助于选择准确性,而后期噪音则阻碍了选择准确性,使过去的研究相协调.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
背景情况:
- 噪音是神经信息处理的一个基本挑战,特别是影响决策,导致错误的选择.
- 来自不同来源的噪声对价值编码和选择行为的具体影响仍然不太清楚.
- 之前的研究对环境对决策的影响产生了相互矛盾的结论.
研究的目的:
- 调查决策过程中不同阶段产生的噪音如何不同影响上下文依赖的选择行为.
- 协调文献中关于决策中的上下文效应的相互矛盾的实验结果.
- 提出一个统一的机制,解释环境依赖的选择受噪声影响.
主要方法:
- 使用计算建模来模拟不同噪音条件下的决策过程.
- 与人类参与者进行实验研究,观察选择行为.
- 通过诱导选项值的不确定性 (早期噪音) 和控制时间压力 (后期噪音) 来操纵噪音.
主要成果:
- 模型模拟预测,早期噪音可以提高选择准确性,并提供上下文信息,而后期噪音会降低选择准确性.
- 实验结果证实了人类决策中的这些相反的预测.
- 观察到可分离的正面和负面上下文效应,与早期和晚期噪音的操纵相关.
结论:
- 神经系统中噪声的起源批判性地调节了上下文信息对选择行为的影响.
- 早期噪音从上下文中获益,以提高准确性,而后期噪音则因上下文而受损.
- 这些发现为上下文依赖选择提供了统一的解释,并突出了神经计算中噪音结构的重要性.
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