心理阅读质量与数量:一个理论和经验动机的两个因素结构,用于成人心理阅读的个体差异
Christina Pomareda1, Rory T Devine1, Ian A Apperly1
1School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, England, United Kingdom.
PloS one
|June 25, 2024
概括
成年人小读的个体差异涉及精神状态术语 (MST) 的数量和解释的质量. 这些因素是不同的,数量与宗教信仰有关,质量与宗教信仰相反.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 个人差异 个人差异
背景情况:
- 目前用于评估成年小读者的个人差异的方法缺乏强大的心理测量特性.
- 对于已有心理状态理解的成年人中小阅读的差异的理论依据尚不清楚.
- 现有的措施往往会将阅读少的动机与提供的解释的质量混为一谈.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查小读数量 (心理状态术语-MST) 和质量 (响应适当性) 是否是可分离的构造.
- 检查这些构造和阅读动机之间的关系.
- 探索与先前已识别的较小阅读相关的差异性关联,如宗教性.
主要方法:
- 一项预先注册的研究,涉及128名本科生心理学学生.
- 在两个开放式小阅读任务中使用了创新的评分系统.
- 采用因子分析来测试MST和响应适当性的一个因素和两个因素模型.
主要成果:
- 一个因素和两个因素模型都显示了可接受的适合性.
- 两种模型都没有显示出与阅读动机的显著关联.
- 一个两因素模型,区分MST和响应适当性,提供了更大的解释能力.
- MST与宗教性正相关;响应适当性与宗教性负相关.
- 一因素解决方案没有预测社会相关的结果.
结论:
- 心理阅读数量 (MST) 和质量 (响应适当性) 是个人差异中可以区分的构造.
- 阅读的这些不同方面显示了与宗教信仰的不同关联.
- 研究结果表明,对成年人阅读能力的个体差异有更细致的理解.
相关概念视频
01:37Reason and Intuition
6.4K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.4K
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
90.1K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
90.1K
01:14Fundamental Attribution Error
12.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.8K
01:22Self-Report Tests of Personality
338
Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
338
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
52
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
52
01:29Structure of Self
394
Sigmund Freud's model of the human psyche is often illustrated using an iceberg analogy. The iceberg's visible tip represents the conscious mind, which includes thoughts and perceptions that individuals are immediately aware of. However, the larger, submerged portion of the iceberg represents the unconscious mind, a reservoir of repressed desires, instincts, and memories. According to Freud, human behavior is primarily shaped by this hidden realm.
Components of the Mind: Id, Ego, and...
Components of the Mind: Id, Ego, and...
394