医学预训练语言模型:一项调查
Xudong Luo1, Zhiqi Deng1, Binxia Yang1
1School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-source Information Mining, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
Artificial intelligence in medicine
|June 25, 2024
概括
本调查探讨了在医疗自然语言处理 (NLP) 任务中使用预训练语言模型 (PLM) 的情况,强调了人工智能在医疗保健中的成就和未来方向. 它涵盖从文本总结到信息提取的应用,旨在改善临床实践.
科学领域:
- 医学自然语言处理 (NLP)
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
背景情况:
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 的快速进步导致了强大的预训练语言模型 (PLM) 的开发,如BERT,BioBERT和ChatGPT.
- 这些PLM显示出医疗领域中各种应用的巨大潜力,推动了医疗保健技术的创新.
研究的目的:
- 为各种医疗NLP任务应用PLM的当前成就提供全面的调查.
- 分类和讨论不同的医疗NLP任务,方法,PLM的优势,数据集和评估指标.
- 确定当前的研究趋势,分析研究结果,并建议未来的研究方向,以在临床实践中应用PLM.
主要方法:
- 医学NLP任务的分类和详细讨论,包括文本总结,问答,机器翻译,情感分析,命名实体识别,信息提取,医学教育,关系提取和文本挖掘.
- 概述基本概念,方法,PLM优势,应用步骤,数据集和每个任务的评估指标.
- 通过引用数和出版地点声誉评估研究质量和影响力,确定关键研究主题.
主要成果:
- 在广泛的医学NLP任务中,PLM已经显示出巨大的潜力,与传统方法相比,它提供了显著的优势.
- 该调查确定了当前在医学中的PLM应用中的关键研究发现,优点,弱点以及相似之处/差异.
- 提供模型代码和数据集的下载链接,为研究人员和医疗专业人员提供有价值的资源.
结论:
- PLM是医学NLP的变革性工具,目前正在进行的研究重点是提高临床整合的可靠性,可解释性和公平性.
- 这项调查为利用人工智能技术来推进医疗专业知识和医疗保健服务提供了宝贵的参考.
- 未来的工作应该优先考虑强大和道德的人工智能解决方案,以充分实现PLM在临床环境中的潜力.
相关概念视频
Language and Cognition
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language Development
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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