婴儿期学习语音类别:词语上下文信息的作用
Chiara Santolin1, Camille Frey2, Nuria Sebastian-Galles3
1Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Engineering, Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Infant behavior & development
|June 25, 2024
概括
婴儿可以重新学习区分非母语语音 (语音) 当暴露在任何词语上下文. 这项研究表明,词语上下文有助于婴儿在语音分类,即使在最初的歧视失去了后.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 婴儿的语言学习依赖于语音分类,一些理论认为婴儿使用词语上下文来区分声音.
- 如果不定期遇到非母语语音的区分能力可能会丢失.
研究的目的:
- 调查语境信息如何影响8个月大婴儿的语音类别的获取和重新获取.
- 检查最小或非最小的单词对是否对非母语母音的语音歧视产生差异性影响.
主要方法:
- 试验对婴儿进行了分辨英语母音对比 /ɒ/-/ʌ/的能力的测试.
- 暴露条件有所不同:没有先前的暴露 (实验1) 与使用最小或非最小的单词对 (实验2) 的短暂暴露.
- 通过测量交替与非交替听力试验的观看时间来评估歧视.
主要成果:
- 婴儿在短时间接触后对非原生母音对比进行了区别,无论它是在最小或非最小的词语上下文中呈现的.
- 之前接触到词语背景中的对比导致不同的婴儿外观模式与没有先前接触相比.
- 婴儿在暴露于任何词语语境后,对非本地对比的歧视恢复了.
结论:
- 任何形式的词语上下文都会促进婴儿在失去敏感性后重新建立语音歧视.
- 语音输入和语境信息在调节学习机制方面发挥着至关重要的作用,以在婴儿期早期建立语音类别.
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