对孩子们的善意的代价和好处
Oliver Scott Curry1, Chloe San Miguel2, Mehmet Necip Tunç3
1Kindness.org, New York, NY 10019, USA; School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PE, UK.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|June 25, 2024
概括
儿童和青少年认为善良是基于利益,而不是成本. 然而,成年人在判断善良和表现的可能性时会考虑利益和成本,这表明成本有效的行为会鼓励年轻人更多的善良.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 以前的研究表明,成年人对善良的看法和表现的可能性受行为利益和成本的影响.
- 成年人倾向于支持低成本,高收益的行动.
研究的目的:
- 调查儿童和青少年如何看待善良的行为,以及他们执行这些行为的可能性.
- 将儿童和青少年的看法与成年人对年轻人的善意行为的判断进行比较.
主要方法:
- 调查了945名儿童 (9-12岁),939名青少年 (13-17岁) 和891名成年人 (18岁以上).
- 参与者根据利益,成本,感知到的善意和执行可能性对173件善意行为进行了评价.
- 成年人特别评价了年轻人执行这些行为的可能性.
主要成果:
- 对于儿童和青少年来说,感知到的好处预测了善良,而成本却没有. 利益积极预测业绩,成本负面预测它.
- 成年人对善良的评价受益和成本的影响. 对于年轻人表现的可能性,成年人对成本敏感,而不是利益敏感.
- 成年人认为,与儿童和青少年的自我认知相比,年轻人总体上不太可能表现出善意行为.
结论:
- 儿童和青少年对善良的看法主要是受益驱动的,不同于成年人对成本更敏感的评估.
- 成年人低估了年轻人表现出善意行为的可能性,尤其是那些成本较高的行为.
- 建议推广具有成本效益的行为,以鼓励儿童和青少年的善良.
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